An Investigation into the Nature of the Oxide Layer Formed on Kovar (Fe-29Ni-17Co) Wires Following Oxidation in Air at 700 °C and 800 °C

Yates, P, Mallinson, Christopher, Mallinson, P, Whiting, Mark and Yeomans, Julie (2017) An Investigation into the Nature of the Oxide Layer Formed on Kovar (Fe-29Ni-17Co) Wires Following Oxidation in Air at 700 °C and 800 °C Oxidation of Metals: an international journal of the science of gas-solid reactions, 88 (5-6). pp. 733-747.

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Abstract

This work provides new insight and evidence that challenges and extends the accepted view of the oxidation of Kovar (ASTM-15). Specimens of 2 mm diameter Kovar wire were oxidised in air at 700 °C or 800 °C for 10 minutes. The resulting oxide layers were analysed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Oxide layers of approximately 2 μm and 4 μm thick were formed at 700 °C and 800 °C, respectively. These were found to contain iron, cobalt and traces of nickel. The combination of analysis techniques revealed that the oxide contains Fe2O3 in addition to (Fe,Co,Ni)3O4, a spinel oxide, in contrast to the combinations of Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and FeO that are typically reported. The oxide layer was found to be complex, consisting of multiple layers with different compositions which is overlooked in the existing literature.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects :	Mechanical Engineering Science
Divisions :	Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences > Mechanical Engineering Sciences
Authors :	Name Email ORCID Yates, P Mallinson, Christopher c.mallinson@surrey.ac.uk Mallinson, P Whiting, Mark M.Whiting@surrey.ac.uk Yeomans, Julie J.Yeomans@surrey.ac.uk
Date :	24 April 2017
Funders :	EPSRC
DOI :	10.1007/s11085-017-9772-y
Copyright Disclaimer :	Copyright The Author(s) 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Uncontrolled Keywords :	Raman spectroscopy; spinels; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); glass-to-metal seal
Related URLs :	Publisher
Depositing User :	Symplectic Elements
Date Deposited :	28 Mar 2017 15:44
Last Modified :	11 Dec 2018 11:23
URI:	http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/id/eprint/813871

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