Evaluation of a Novel Liquid Fiducial Marker, BioXmark®, for Small Animal Image-Guided Radiotherapy Applications

Brown, Kathryn H., Ghita, Mihaela, Schettino, Giuseppe, Prise, Kevin M. and Butterworth, Karl T. (2020) Evaluation of a Novel Liquid Fiducial Marker, BioXmark®, for Small Animal Image-Guided Radiotherapy Applications Cancers, 12 (5), 1276.

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Abstract

BioXmark®(Nanovi A/S, Denmark) is a novel fiducial marker based on a liquid, iodine-basedand non-metallic formulation. BioXmark®has been clinically validated and reverse translated topreclinical models to improve cone-beam CT (CBCT) target delineation in small animal image-guidedradiotherapy (SAIGRT). However, in phantom image analysis andin vivoevaluation of radiobiologicalresponse after the injection of BioXmark®are yet to be reported. In phantom measurements wereperformed to compare CBCT imaging artefacts with solid fiducials and determine optimum imagingparameters for BioXmark®.In vivostability of BioXmark®was assessed over a 5-month period, andthe impact of BioXmark®onin vivotumour response from single-fraction and fractionated X-rayexposures was investigated in a subcutaneous syngeneic tumour model. BioXmark®was stable, welltolerated and detectable on CBCT at volumes≤10μL. Our data showed imaging artefacts reduced byup to 84% and 89% compared to polymer and gold fiducial markers, respectively. BioXmark®wasshown to have no significant impact on tumour growth in control animals, but changes were observedin irradiated animals injected with BioXmark®due to alterations in dose calculations induced by thesharp contrast enhancement. BioXmark®is superior to solid fiducials with reduced imaging artefactson CBCT. With minimal impact on the tumour growth delay, BioXmark®can be implemented inSAIGRT to improve target delineation and reduce set-up errors

Item Type:	Article
Divisions :	Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences > Physics
Authors :	Name Email ORCID Brown, Kathryn H. Ghita, Mihaela Schettino, Giuseppe giuseppe.schettino@surrey.ac.uk Prise, Kevin M. Butterworth, Karl T.
Date :	18 May 2020
Funders :	National Centre for the Replacement, Refinementand Reduction of Animals in Research
DOI :	10.3390/cancers12051276
Grant Title :	National Centre for the Replacement, Refinementand Reduction of Animals in Research
Copyright Disclaimer :	©2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open accessarticle distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Uncontrolled Keywords :	small animal image-guided radiotherapy; fiducial markers; radiation response
Additional Information :	Embargo OK Metadata OK No Further Action
Depositing User :	James Marshall
Date Deposited :	25 Aug 2020 15:08
Last Modified :	25 Aug 2020 15:08
URI:	http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/id/eprint/858496

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